影响美国基础教育地方课程标准实施的因素分析

On the Factors Analysis of Affecting the Implementation of American Local Curriculum Standards in Basic Education

从20世纪80年代起,美国开始尝试在基础教育领域建立一套统一的课程标准体系。全国标准和州级标准在下放到学区和学校的过程中,出现了诸多问题和阻力。对于影响基础教育地方课程标准实施状况的因素研究,美国学者的关注点在不同时期侧重不同,经历了从关注政策制订和行政管理到内部教学实践;从考察行政人员和教师对标准的理解和贯彻程度,到与学生学习紧密相关的教学策略与课程内容的纵深发展过程。

A more stringent,even coherent curriculum standards system has been established in the basic education in the U.S. since the 1980s. Various issues and resistances emerged when the standards were carried out in school districts and classrooms. Concerning the factors affecting the implementation of basic education local curriculum standards, multiple perspectives have been adopted by American scholars and researchers at different times ,from policy making and administration to inner teaching practice,from administrators and teachers＂ acceptance and implementation of the standards to the in-depth development process of teaching strategy and course contentwhich are essential to student learning.