19世纪末-20世纪初俄国工人的社会保险和保障

Social Security of Russian Workers in Late 19th - and Early 20th Century

社会保险和保障制度对于工人而言是十分重要的。20世纪70年代苏联历史著作中主流观点认为,19世纪末到20世纪初俄国的工业企业中还没有社会保险和保障机制,这些观点实际上是不客观的。事实上,19世纪70-80年代俄国社会保障制度初露端倪,后来不断发展完善,有些方面甚至超越了立法的规定。一些大企业为生产中发生意外事故的、生病及年迈的工人发放不同形式的补助金和抚恤金。

The social security system is of high significance for workers. In 1970s the mainstream view in his- torical works of Soviet Union is that there is no social security mechanism in Russia＇s industrial enterprises at the turn of 20th century. As a matter of fact, Russia＇s social security system began to emerge in 1870s and 1880s and then went through continuous developments. Some industrial enterprises even did much more than the legislative provisions required, they provided various assistance payment and pension for sick or old work- ers and those who suffered from the accident in production.