日本近世汉学与幕末变革思想——以吉田松阴的《东坡策批评》为中心

The Sinology in Modern Japan and the Reform Idea in the Late Period of Shogunate: Focusing on Yoshida Shōin's Criticism of Dongpo's Policy

吉田松阴(1830-1859)《东坡策批评》包含着变革思想的三个基本要点:君主中心的政治观、人才中心的制度论和以攻代守的国防论。通过分析,可以看到,近世日本形成的汉学传统,在幕末时期的先觉者们探索如何维护国家独立的过程中,是非常重要的学问资源。传统汉学非但不仅仅是日本近代化所要克服的对象,其积极作用的发挥亦非仅限于作为接受西学的媒介,而是在日本近代化转型期不可或缺的内在的思想支撑。

Criticism of Dongpo＇s Policy （东坡策批评） which written by Yoshida Sh6in consists of three fun- damental points of reform idea, namely outlooks on politics with monarch being the center, institutional theory with talents being the centre, and national defence theory emphasizing attack instead of defence. Analysis show that the Sinology tradition that formed in modem Japan is the important learning resources during the process in which those people who became awakened earlier in politics and social reforms explored the way to maintain national independence in the late period of Shogunate. The traditional Sinology is not only the active media by which Japanese people accepted Western learning, but also the imperative ideological support in the transformation period of Japanese modernization.