老、庄修德思想论说

Discussion on Laozi and Zhuangzi s cultivating De thought

老子和庄子的修德思想是一种精神修养。主要内容包括德的含义、修德的方法,以及有德之人的特征等。德的含义是指万物得以生的原因,内在于万物,是万物各得其所的和谐的状态。修德要忘记形体而追求精神;要去除自身的好恶;要守柔,和而不唱;要不形于外。有德者具有不以成败、忧喜累心、安于命、充于内而遗其形骸、自然无为等特征。

Laozi and Zhuangzi s cultivating De thought was the spiritual cultivation. It included the meaning of De, the ways of cultivating De and the features of person who had De. Everything was given life by De and De was in everything. De was harmonized that everything was itself. But in real history, De lost itself. Only by spiritual cultivation, would De to be itself. Cultivating De should forget body and pursuit spirit; forget to like or dislike something; keep weak and cooperating; do not pay attention to surface. A per- son who had De did not let mind -heart tied resulted from defeat or success, sadness and happiness. He yield to fate and was full of De in his spirit and lost his body. He did nothing but went alone with nature.