聚落景观格局的空间粒度转换响应及其机理分析——以江苏省镇江地区为例

ANALYSIS OF MECHANISM OF THE SETTLEMENTS LANDSCAPE CHANGE DURING TRANSFORMING DATA WITH SEVERAL SPATIAL GRANULARITIES

以镇江地区第二次土地调查(2009年)1∶10 000土地利用现状数据为主要数据源,运用GIS和景观格局分析方法,研究了按照中心属性值法和面积最大法从现状数据粗化为30m、100m、500m和1 000m栅格和矢量数据的聚落景观格局变化特征及机理。结果显示:最大面积值法生成数据各景观类型的面积相对误差较大,特别是其它土地,在空间粒度为1 000m时消失,中心属性值法在空间粒度转换中的面积相对误差较小,并且是随机的;在聚落景观变化方面,研究区斑块密度、聚集度指数和斑块结合度指数降低,分维数、最大斑块指数和平均邻近距离升高,说明聚落景观斑块破碎化降低、斑块面积扩大并趋于成片成团、空间分布更为离散等特征;聚落景观格局变化表明最大面积值法突出整体分布规律,中心属性值法突出聚落景观的空间分布特性;基于最大面积值法的聚落景观格局的空间粒度转换响应与其斑块面积结构和空间邻接有所关联。

Our purpose is to analyze the difference of the settlements landscape under several spatial granularities.In this study,we combined GIS and landscape analysis method,took the land use data of Zhenjiang in 2009,calculated spatial transfer probability between the settlements landscape and others and landscape pattern indices based on Rule of Centric Cell and Rule of Maximum Area.The results are as follows.（1） Relative error of each landscape pattern under Rule of Maximum Area was bigger than the others.（2）In terms of the changes of the settlements landscape,the landscape indices,containing Patch Density,Aggregation Index and Patch Cohesion Index were reducing as the granularity rised,while other indices,Perimeter-Area Fractal Dimension,Largest Patch Index and Euclidean Nearest-Neighbor Distance were raising.It indicated that the patches of settlements pattern became less fragmented,the area became bigger,the patches trended to be into the group,and the spatial distribution became more discretely.（3）The change of the settlements pattern indicated that Rule of Maximum Area outstanded overall distribution law,while Rule of Centric Cell expressed spatial distribution characteristics.（4）Scaling Effect of Rule of Maximum Area was related to the special neighboring property and area structure.