芳香偶氮衍生物合成策略研究的新进展

Novel Progresses in Synthesis Strategies of Aromatic Azo Derivatives

芳香偶氮化合物具有独特的光致顺反异构特性,不仅应广泛用于传统化学工业,还将应用于光化学分子开关、主客体超分子化学识别、自组装液晶材料、生物医学成像与化学分析以及光驱分子马达等诸多新兴科学领域.特别具挑战性的是开发具有高化学稳定性和热稳定性又易检测的偶氮发色团,近年来受到科研工作者们的高度关注.随着人们对研究新型芳香偶氮衍生物的迫切需要,又相继创新和发展了一些更新、更有效的芳香偶氮化合物合成方法,综述了最近新型芳香偶氮衍生物合成方法的新进展,尤其强调了芳基肼的氧化脱氢反应和金属催化偶联反应、芳胺的氧化反应、硝基芳香化合物的还原偶联反应、芳香偶氮氧化物的转化与还原、叠氮芳香化合物的催化偶联与热分解反应以及芳香基重氮盐的偶合与催化偶联反应等在芳香偶氮化合物合成方面应用的新趋势.

Aromatic azo derivatives possess a particular character that is the light driven reversible isomerization between their cis- and trans-forms, which makes them excellent candidates to modulate the relative movement of different moieties. They are widely used not only in the traditional chemical industry, but also in many newly rising areas of science, such as photochemical molecular switch, super-molecular chemistry of host-guest recognition, self-assembly liquid crystal material, analysis of biomedical imaging and chemical, light driven molecular motor, and so on. The development of chromophores with characteristics, like high chemical stability, thermal stability over a wide temperature range and having two forms easily detectable by a method that does not cause irreversible molecular alterations, is a major challenge for researchers who focus their interest in this area. With the increasing need for investigating unknown aromatic azo derivatives, many novel efficient synthesis strategies are recently innovated and developed in succession. This critical review covers the various synthetic methods of aromatic azo derivatives reported more recently, with special emphasis on application of arylhydrazine, arylamine, nitroarene, azoxyarene, arylazide, and their derivatives.