洞庭湖湿地植物资源现状及保护与可持续利用对策

Status,Utilization and Conservation of Plant Resources in Dongting Lake Wetlands

洞庭湖湿地共有湿地植物66科182属265种,其中被子植物有59科174属256种,分别占洞庭湖湿地植被科、属、种的89%、96%和97%;蕨类植物次之,共有7科8属9种,国家重点保护野生植物3种,湖南省地方保护植物3种。湿地植物中已知具经济用途的种类有64科175属215种,药用植物有145种,工业用植物46种,食用植物35种,农业用植物(绿肥、饲料等)143种。目前由于人类的盲目开垦、大面积种植杨树、芦苇等人为干扰,以及对湿地植物资源保护管理的缺乏,导致湿地原有植物群落分布格局被打破,物种生物多样性下降。针对存在的问题,对植物资源的保护和可持续利用提出了对策。

265 plant species, which belong to 66 families and 182 genera, have been investigated in Dongting Lake wetlands. Among them, 256 species are angiosperms belonging to 59 families and 174 genera, which accounting for 97%, 89% and 96% of the total species, genera and families respectively. There are 9 species of ferns belonging to 7 families and 8 genera. Three species are national key protected wild plants and three species are protected by Hunan Province. 215 species of plants belonging to 64 families and 175 genera have been known for economic utility. 145 species can be used as medicinal plants, 46 species as industrial plants, 35 species as edible plants and 143 species as agricultural plants （such as green manure and fodder ）. Current anthropogenic disturbances, such as large-scale reclamation, poplar and reed plantation, and the lack of protection and management of wetland plant resources have caused the broken of distributional pattern of the original plant communities, the decline of biodiversity. Finally, some measures are provided to strengthen conservation and sustainable development of plant resources.