黑龙江省垦区大豆和玉米重迎茬遥感监测研究——以友谊农场为例

A Remote Sensing Monitoring Research on Continuous and Alternate Cropping of Soybeans and Corn in Heilongjiang Reclamation Region with Friendship Farm as an Example

本文以友谊农场为研究区,基于RS与GIS技术开展2009-2011年大豆、玉米的重迎茬监测研究,旨在完善作物重迎茬监测方法,掌握研究区大豆与玉米的重迎茬状况,为黑龙江省垦区作物种植结构调整提供客观依据。结果显示:友谊农场近三年玉米种植面积快速增加,大豆种植面积逐年减少,大豆与玉米总种植面积占旱作作物种植面积的比例稳定在88%左右;大豆重茬率由2010年的49.28%攀升至2011年的51.75%,玉米重茬率由2010年的43.29%增长到2011年的46.58%;2011年,大豆迎茬率为41.88%,玉米迎茬率达27.81%;友谊农场大豆、玉米重迎茬具有显著的区域差异,其东北部大豆与玉米的种植面积少、重迎茬率低,西南部大豆与玉米的种植面积广、重迎茬率高,中部大豆与玉米的种植面积逐渐减少,重迎茬率变化较快;友谊县地貌态势、国家农业发展政策及外部农业市场环境是造成大豆与玉米种植重迎茬时空格局的重要原因。

This paper, basing on a case study of friendship farm area, conducts the surveillance studies of the continuous and alternate cropping of soybeans and corn in Heilongjiang Reclamation 2009-2011 based on RS and GIS technology, in order to improve the monitoring methods of continuous and alternate cropping, master the continuous and alternate cropping situation of the soybeans and corn within the region, and provide the basis for structure adjustments of crop planting in Heilongjiang Reclamation. As the results shows that： in the friendship farm, the acreage of soybeans increased rapidly in more than three years, while the acreage of corn decreased each year. The total acreage of soybeans and corn accounted for 88% of the acreage of rainfed crop steadily. The continuous cropping rate of soybean soared to 51.75% in 2011 from 49.28% in 2010, while the rate of corn continuous cropping rose to 46.58% in 2011 from 43.29% a year ago. In 2011, the alternate cropping rate of soybean was 41.88%, while the alternate cropping rate of corn was 27.81%; there are significant regional differences in the continuous and alternate cropping of soybeans and corn in friendship farm. In the northeast of the farm, little land is provided for the crops, and the rate of continuous and alternate cropping remains low, the southwest of the region is just the opposite. In the central region, the acreage of the soybeans and corn have tapered, and the rate of continuous and alternate cropping changes quite rapidly. The spatial and temporal pattern of the soybeans and corn continuous and alternate cropping attribute to the topography of the friendship county, the agricultural development policy, and external environment of agricultural market.