竺可桢的科学文化实践轨迹与社会使命——以竺可桢担任的社会职务为线索

From the Social Positions to Study Zhu Kezhen's Scientific and Cultural Practice Track and His Social Mission

竺可桢在1912-1949年间担任的社会职务分布于科研机构、科学社团、教育文化单位、政府部门等领域。从担任职务的性质看,有中央研究院气象所所长、浙江大学校长这样的实职,更多是在各种机构中的兼职;从担任职务的责任看,他所承担的责任既宏大又具体,充分表明他在这些机构发挥着实质性作用;从担任职务的时空分布看,往往伴随时局变化与机构迁徙而变动。竺可桢在各种职位上的科学文化实践多数基于自身的科学研究,他不仅以自身的学术活动直接推进了中国现代科学的发展,而且还以他对科学文化的倡导唤起了社会各界对科学事业的重视。他提倡科学教育中的"求是"精神,主张科学研究应关注现实问题,号召科学家和青年学子要承担服务社会、改良社会的任务。竺可桢的科学文化实践展现出中国第一代科学家群体特有的科学精神和社会使命。

Zhu Kezhen took many positions in research institutions, scientific societies, educational and cultural undertakings, and the government departments from 1912 to 1949 such as many actual full - time posts like the director of Meteoro- logical Institute, Academia Sinica, the president of Zhejiang University; and more part -time positions in various institutions. He not only promoted directly the development of modern science in China by his own academic activities, but also evoked the science attention of the community by his scientific and cultural advocacy. He promoted the spirit of ＂Seeking Truth＂ in the science and education fields, and he advocated that the scientific research should focus on the real problems, and called on scientists and the young students to undertake the task to serve to the community, and to improve the society. His scientific and cultural practices reflect the specific spirit of scientific and social missions of the first generation of Chinese scientists groups.