路基工程风险识别与管理研究

Research on the Risk Identification and Control of Subgrade Engineeriong

研究目的:路基工程是由岩土材料采用人工方法构筑于露天环境的一种工程构筑物,路基工程固有的特点确定了路基工程建设中必然存在着各种潜在的影响路基工程安全、质量等的不确定因素,即风险因素,需要加以管理。研究结论:路基工程风险识别,应结合具体工程,将查找风险事件与查找风险因素相结合,按照工程项目→分项工程→分部工程→施工工序的途径查找风险事件,同时围绕自然、地质、环境、设计施工、材料五个方面查找风险因素。路基工程风险处置,应遵循采用经济合理的技术和管理措施预防路基风险的发生、降低或减少风险损失和必须规避垮蹋、滑移等致使路基出现难以恢复且影响正常使用功能的工程风险的基本原则。应加强路基工程风险的源头控制,在工程规划设计环节,对识别出的可能影响使用功能不可恢复、可能造成工期严重延误以及巨大经济损失的工程风险,应通过调整线路平面或纵断面、选择其他替代工程方案、优化路基工程形式等规避和降低风险,设计经济、合理的工程技术措施预防路基工程风险的发生。

Research purposes： Subgrade, as an artificial outdoor engineering structure made of geotechnical materials, is featured with natural characteristics which inevitably have some potential and uncertain factors of affecting the safety and quality in construction. That＇ s to say, the risk is to be severely controlled. Research conclusions ：The risk identification of subgrade project should be done from a specific engineering combining risk events with risk sources. The risk events must be found by the procedure of the project - sub item - branch item - construction process, as well as the risk sources at the same time from five aspects： the nature, geology, environment, design and construction, materials. The treatment of risk shall comply with the following basic principles： using the economic and reasonable technical and control measures to prevent the subgrade risks, lessening or reducing loss caused by risks and avoiding collapse, sliding, which is difficult to restore and affects normal function, subgrade risk should be controlled from its root. In the planning and design stage, the identified risk that is likely to cause the delay of schedule or cause heavy loss should be remedied by adjusting line plane or profile, adopting substitute program or other optimizing program to avert or reduce risks. Economic and rational technical measures are needed to guard against the risks in subgrade projects.