茴香精油提取工艺优化及成分分析

Optimization of Extraction Technique and Component Analysis of Fennel Essential Oil

分别采用水蒸气蒸馏法、同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取茴香种子精油,运用Minitab15.0数据分析软件,通过三因素三水平的响应面法优化茴香精油提取工艺条件,并利用气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)分析茴香精油组成。结果表明:水蒸气蒸馏法制备茴香种子精油的最佳工艺条件为:功率为66 W,液料比为6∶1,蒸馏时间为2.5 h,茴香精油的提取率为6.25%。同时蒸馏萃取法制备茴香种子精油的最佳工艺条件为:功率为110W,液料比为7∶1,蒸馏时间为4.0 h,茴香种子精油的提取率为3.98%。GC-MS分析结果表明茴香种子精油主要由酮类和烯类组成,酮类占48.86%,烯类占33.07%。此外,茴香脑9.78%。

The fennel seed essential oil was respectively extracted by steam distillation and simultaneous distil- lation extraction （SDE） methods to optimize the extraction technical condition of fennel essential oil, by adopting the method of response surface analysis with 3 factors and 3 levels combined with Minitab15.0 data analysis software. Gas chromatography mass spectrum （ GC - MS） was employed to analyze the composition of fennel essential oil. According to the above results, the optimal technical conditions, which were suitable for manufacturing fennel seed essential oil through steam distillation, were as follows ： heat power of 66 W, liquid - solid ratio of 6：1,2.5 h of distillation and fennel essential oil extraction yield of 6.25%. At the same time ,the optimal technical conditions ,which were suitable for manufacturing fennel seed essential oil through SDE, were as follows：heat power of 110 W, liquid -solid ratio of 7： 1, 4.0 h of distillation and fennel essential oil extraction yield of 3.98%. The analysis of Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometric（ GC -MS） showed that the main components of fennel essential oil were ketones and alkenes with proportions of 48.86% and 33.07% respectively ,as well as anethole of 9.78%.