几种叶类蔬菜对砷吸收及累积特性的比较研究

A Screening Study of Five Leafy Vegetable Species for Tolerance and Accumulation of Toxic Inorganic Arsenic(Ⅴ)Under Hydroponic Conditions

运用水培试验方法,比较了5种叶类作物对砷的吸收特性。结果表明,当营养液中砷浓度为2、4、8mg·L-1时,芹菜(Apium graveolens L.)、苋菜(Amaranthus mangostanus L.)和空心菜(Ipomea aquatica L.)地上部分生物量均显著降低(P<0.05),而莴苣(Lactuce sativa var.longifolia)和生菜(Lactuce sativa L.)的地上部生物量与CK相比差异不显著,表现出相对更高的耐受性;从不同叶类蔬菜对砷的累积来看,在培养液砷浓度为10mg·kg-1时,空心菜地上部分对砷的累积量最高、达1623μg·pot-1,莴苣最低、为45.58μg·pot-1,5种叶类蔬菜累积量大小顺序为:空心菜>芹菜>苋菜>生菜>莴苣。不同砷浓度培养液下,莴苣和生菜对砷的转移系数均值分别为0.02和0.03,富集系数均值分别为2.75和2.66,低于其他蔬菜。该研究结果为应用水培方法快速初步筛选砷低吸收作物提供了依据。

A hydroponic experiment under greenhouse condition with five leafy vegetable species including romaine（Lactuce sativa var.longifolia）,lettuce（Lactuce sativa L.）,Celery（Apium graveolens L.）,amaranth（Amaranthus mangostanus L.）and water spinach（Ipomea aquatica L.）was conducted to compare the properties of arsenic（As）uptake in As contaminated farmland.The results showed that the shoot biomass（FW）of celery,amaranth,and water spinach was significantly（P0.05）lower,when the As concentration in the nutrient solution was with 2,4,and 8 mg·L-1,while As addition did not have significant effects on the shoot biomass of romaine and lettuce under all the As treatments used compared to the control.It indicated that romaine and lettuce had higher As tolerance.When the arsenic in nutrient solution reached up to 10 mg·L-1,water spinach had the highest shoot As accumulation with 1623 μg·pot-1 and lettuce had the lowest shoot As accumulation with 45.58 μg·pot-1.As accumulation in shoot of five species was ranked from high to low in the order of spinach,celery,amaranth,lettuce and romaine.Under the different As concentrations in the nutrient solution,the translocation factor（TFs）for lettuce and romaine is with 0.02 and 0.03 respectively,while the BFs（ratio between As concentration in shoot and As in nutrient）for lettuce and romaine is with 2.75 and 2.66 respectively.Both of TFs and BFs in lettuce and romaine is lower than in other vegetables.The results could provide an effective basis for screening of low As uptake crops under hydroponic experiments.