大兴安岭不同冻土带沼泽和湿草甸土壤动物群落结构特征

Characteristics of Soil Faunal Community Structure in Mires and Wet Meadows on Different Tundras in Da Hinggan Mountains

2003年3月、6月和9月,对大兴安岭连续多年冻土带、岛状融区冻土带和岛状冻土带的沼泽和湿草甸土壤动物进行了调查研究。在这些沼泽和湿草甸选取了6个样地,共获得土壤动物17647只,隶属于4门8纲19目。其中,大型土壤动物的优势类群为3类,分别是线蚓科、蚁科和正蚓科,常见类群为12类;中、小型土壤动物以弹尾类和蜱螨类为最多,它们约占总个体数的92.48%,优势类群为5类,分别是中气门亚目、甲螨亚目、前气门亚目、节跳虫科和摇蚊科,常见类群有3类。

Da Hinggan Mountains,located in the south edge of the tundra zone in Northeast Asia,are the highest latitude and the most northern tundra zone in China.In this zone,the formation,distribution,and development of tundra were affected by geographic latitude and the regional natural conditions.With the changes of latitude,the tundra can be divided into 3 types from north to south,based on the degree of continuity of the tundra distribution;the 3 types are respectively the continuous tundra,island thawing tundra and island tundra.To understand the eco-geographical distribution of soil faunal community and provide the scientific basis for the conservation of wetland ecosystems in Da Hinggan Mountains,community structure of soil fauna were investigated in mires,wet or marshy meadows of the different tundras in June,August and October,2003.A total of 17 647 individuals of soil fauna,belonging to 4 phyla,8 classes and 19 orders,were collected.Among of them,there was 1 887 individuals of large soil animals,5 839 individuals of middle and small soil animals,and 9 921 individuals of hygrocole soil animals which accounted for 56.2 % of the total soil fauna.