云南岩陀及其近缘种质资源的地理分布与生境

Geographic Distribution and Habitat of Rodgersia Sambucifolia in Yunnan Province

岩陀是岩白菜素的主要原料植物,主要分布在云南、四川、贵州等地区。本文对云南省5个州(市)的14个县(区)岩陀种质资源的蕴藏量、分布地区、生境状况等方面进行了调查。云南地区主要有岩陀、羽叶鬼灯檠、七叶鬼灯檠、光腹鬼灯檠等4个种和变种,分布在云南北纬25°附近及其以北,年平均气温2.1℃-16.1℃,集中分布在海拔1100-3800 m的迪庆、怒江、大理、丽江、昭通、曲靖、昆明等地,楚雄、临沧、普洱等地零星分布;岩陀及其鬼灯檠属植物喜阴性或半阴性环境,适于郁闭度高、空气相对湿度大的林下、石隙、灌丛、潮湿的岩壁上或山谷溪沟两旁;在寒冷气候下的干旱和瘠薄土壤,甚至石隙中均能较好生长;林下腐质层较厚土壤条件下,岩陀生长良好,但地下部分膨大受限。岩陀野生资源蕴藏量较为丰富,每年采挖量超过3000吨,但部分地区资源破坏严重,野生资源急剧减少,对岩陀及其近缘种质资源及生境进行调查,为岩陀种质资源的保护和可持续利用奠定基础。

Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl., perennial herbs belonging to the Rodgersia genus of Saxifragaceae family, is a main raw material for the extraction of bergeninum in southwest China. Its main distribution regions are in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou province. There is no relevant report about germplasm resources distribution and habitat. We investigate the resources reserves, geographical distribution and habitat about rodgersia plants in 14 counties of 5 prefectures in Yunnan province. We found that there are mainly 4 species and varieties in Yunnan, such as R. sambucifolia, R. pinnata, R. aesculifolia, R sambucifolia var. estrigosa. They are distributed at north of N25° in Yunnan with the annual average temperature of 2.1 ℃ - 16.1 ℃ and the elevation of 1100 - 3800 m. Rodgersia plants are mainly distributed in Diqing, Nujiang, Dali, Lo＇iang, Zhaotong, Qufing and Kunming. Rodgersia plants are scatteredly distributed in Chuxiong, Lincang, Purer and other regions. R. sambucifolia and the Rodgersia genus plants grow in hi-negative or semi-negative environment, where has high shade density and high relative humidity of atmosphere such as the forest, rock crevices, brush, cliffs or valley gully. Rodgersia genus plants also grow under cold weather and drought soil, and they even grow better on rock crevices. Under humus soil conditions, R. sambucifolia grows well, but the swelling of the underground part is limited. Wild resources of R. sambucifolia reserves remain abundant and the excavation of R. sambucifolia is more than 3000 t. And the wild resources are reduced sharply and resources are damaged severely. The problem of wild resources protection and sustainable using is highlighted.