威灵仙挥发油的超临界萃取工艺优化及GC-MS分析

Optimization of Supercritical Fluid E xtraction Technology and GC-MS Analysis of Volatile Oil from Clematis chinensis

目的:优选超临界CO2萃取威灵仙挥发油的工艺,并对挥发油成分进行GC-MS分析。方法:以挥发油提取率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察提取时间、原料粒度、萃取压力和温度对威灵仙挥发油的超临界CO2萃取工艺的影响,并通过GC-MS对威灵仙挥发油中化学成分进行分析。结果:各因素对挥发油得率的影响顺序为萃取压力>萃取时间>萃取温度;最佳萃取工艺为压力20 MPa,时间1.5 h,温度45℃;挥发油得率0.44%。GC-MS分析确认了156种化学成分,占挥发油总含量的85.03%,相对含量>1%的成分占挥发油总含量的51.78%。结论:超临界CO2萃取法用于提取威灵仙挥发油具有时间短、收率高等优点,较传统的水蒸气蒸馏法提取效率高,优化的工艺稳定可靠,通过GC-MS发现威灵仙挥发油中活性成分原白头翁素。

Objective： To optimize supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction （SFE-CO2 ） process of volatile oil from the roots of Clematis chinensis, and components of volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS. Method ： With yield of volatile oil as index, effects of extraction time, particle size of raw materials, fluid extraction pressure and temperature on SFE-CO2 process of volatile oil from the roots of C. chinensis were investigated by single factor test and orthogonal test, and chemical constituents of volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS. Result： Effects of three factors on yield of volatile oil were in order of extraction pressure 〉 extraction time 〉 extraction temperature ; Optimal fluid extraction technology was as following： extraction pressure 20 MPa, extraction time 1.5 h, temperature 45℃; Yield of volatile oil under these conditions was 0.44%. 156 compounds were identified by GC-MS and they were accounting for 85.03% of the total content of volatile oil, compositions that the relative content was more than 1% accounted for 51.78% of the total content of volatile oil. Conclusion： SFE- CO2 method had higher extraction efficiency than steam distillation, this optimized technology was stable and reliable. In addition, chemical compositions of volatile oil were complicated, and protoanemonin, the major bioactive component in volatile oil from the roots of C. chinensis, was found by GC-MS for the first time.