对低收入家庭儿童的教育补偿:美国“放学后计划”的兴起和发展

Education Compensation for Children from Low-income Family:the Rise and Development of After-school Program in America

放学后时间对儿童的成长可能是"危险",也可能是"机遇"。当低收入工薪家庭无力照顾放学后子女时,美国"放学后计划"提供了将"危险"转换为成长"机遇"的第三方环境。本文对美国"放学后计划"进行了梳理和研究,发现它对低收入家庭儿童确实起到了积极的教育补偿作用,是消除城市贫困消极影响的有效途径。"放学后计划"得到了美国民众高度的公共支持。

For children＇s growing up, whether after-school time functions as ＂risk＂ or ＂opportunity＂ depends on how to arrange it for children. As low-income or working parents have no time or ability to care for their chil- dren after school, after-school program in America provides a third environment transforming the ＂risk＂ to ＂op- portunity＂. This paper introduces the after-school program in America, revealing that it is one kind of compensa- tion education for children from low-income family, eliminating the negative impact of urban poverty. The af- ter-school program has received strong support from American people.