老龄问题群体分析视角理论框架构建研究

A Theoretical Framework for Group Analysis of Ageing

老年群体更替已逐渐成为我国人口老龄化的一种常态化现象。但在已有研究中,重点依然是老年人数量和人口结构。因此,关注老年群体更替并建立一个相应的群体分析视角是必要的。文章提出了包括概念、理论、命题、指标和运用等部分的群体分析视角理论框架。框架中的老年群体是指出生同批和经历同期的人口学群体;老年群体差异是由环境、社会建构及其累积共同作用的结果,体现为生命历程理论、动态老龄化理论和混沌理论等;其差异性,既表现在背景、能动性和需求方面,又表现在影响和政策构建方面;并可通过背景、能力(行为和观念)、需求等指标进行衡量;重视群体更替、关注其能动性、辩证分析影响、增加政策的群体更替视角等均是运用中的重要问题。

Replacement of the elderly group has gradually become a normal phenomenon of population ageing in China. However, current researches still focus on the size and structure of population of the elderly people. Thus, it is of high importance to give an account of the replacement of the elderly group and to construct a corollary group analysis. This research proposes a theoretical framework for the group analysis including concepts, theories, propositions, indexes, and applications. The elderly group in this research refers to a cohort group having same experiences, which is a demography concept. Differences within the elderly group, which can be explained by the life - course theory, dynamism theory and chaos theory, can be attributed to the effects of the environment and social construc- tion. The differences can be measured by the indexes involving background, capability （behavior and consciousness）, and need. Paying special attention to the group replacement, caring about its initiatives, dialectically analyzing its influence and adding a perspective of group replacement to policies are among the important areas of applications of the research.