大宝山矿区长期重金属污染暴露人群的内暴露水平

Internal exposure level among individuals with long-term exposure to heavy metals from Dabaoshan mine

目的了解大宝山矿区重金属污染地区人群重金属内暴露情况。方法于2006年采用横断面调查方法,按比例分层多级随机抽样,选择翁源县1 205名居民,用微波消解和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测人群全血中镉、铅、铜、锌含量。结果高暴露区人群(n=563)全血中镉、铅、铜、锌的几何均数分别为24.10μg/L、389.10μg/L、0.82 mg/L、8.38 mg/L。低暴露区人群(n=642)全血中镉、铅、铜、锌的几何均数分别为1.93μg/L、35.20μg/L、0.82 mg/L、6.85 mg/L。高暴露区男女全血镉、铅、铜、锌暴露水平高于低暴露区和我国一般人群参考值。年长者、曾吸烟和曾饮酒者血镉、铅、锌暴露水平较高。高暴露区人群吸烟、饮酒对血中重金属含量的影响无统计学意义。结论本次调查的人群重金属内暴露情况比较严重,健康可能受到危害。

Objective To explore internal exposure of multiple heavy metals in the people living around a multi-metal sulphide mine, Dabaoshan mine. Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in 2006. The whole bloods were taken from 1 205 local residents, who lived in both a high-exposure area （HEA）and a low-exposure area （LEA）. Microwave digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry were used to determin blood levels of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc. Results The geometric mean of blood levels of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc were measured at 24.10 μg/L, 389.10 μg/L, 0.82 mg/L and 8.38 mg/L for subjects （n=563） in the HEA and 1.93 μg/L, 35.20 I.zg/L, 0.82 mg/L and 6.85 mg/L for subjects （n=642） from the LEA,respectively. Cadmium, lead, copper and zinc contents in whole blood of the crowd in HEA were higher than that of LEA and the reference values of Chinese general population. The blood levels of cadmium, lead and zinc were higher in the older population, former smokers and former drinkers compared with the other population. Conclusion Heavy metal exposure situation of the investigated population is serious and their health may be compromised.