嘉峪关魏晋墓腐蚀壁画真菌群落组成分析

The Fungal Community Composition on Mural Paintings in Tomb of Wei and Jin Dynasty, Jiayuguan

微生物腐蚀与降解是嘉峪关魏晋墓砖壁画保存过程中所面临的主要问题之一。本研究采用现代分子生物学技术,对造成魏晋墓砖壁画腐蚀的真菌类群进行了检测和分析。通过样品总DNA提取,目标片段扩增,克隆文库构建,序列测定与比对后发现,魏晋墓腐蚀砖壁画真菌序列主要隶属于曲霉属、Phialosimplex属和侧齿霉属。常年受人为扰动,墓室内腐蚀砖壁画真菌多样性下降,群落结构发生改变。墓室常年开放或常年关闭均不利于砖壁画的长久保存。分子技术在快速、准确检测壁画微生物群落组成方面优势明显,应加以推广应用。

Microbial biodeterioration is one of the major problems for conservation of mural paintings in tomb of the Wei and Jin dynasty, Jiayuguan. The molecular techniques were used to detect and analyze fungal groups on mural paintings in this study. After the extraction of the samples＇total DNA, amplification of the targeted fragments, construction of the clone library, and determination of sequences, we found that most of the fungal sequences afltiated to the genus Aspergillus, Phialosimplex, and Engyodontium. The diversity of fungi decreased in tomb that was being disturbed because of daily tourists visiting, the community strutures changed simultaneously. Both measures of opening to the public or closing up all the year round are harmful for the conservation of the tomb wall paintings. The molecular techniques have dominant position in the detection of microbial community rapidly and accurately, which can be popularized in the future studies.