教育公平与户籍身份——基于上海市中小学生的调查

Inequality of Education Opportunity and Hukou:Evidence from the Primary and Middle School Student Survey in Shanghai,2012

文章利用2012年上海市中小学生基本情况调查的微观数据,对中小学生的学力分布、学力差异和学力的形成机制进行定量分析。结果表明,上海本地学生的学力水平明显高于外地学生,但户籍本身并不是学力差距产生的直接原因。外地学生之所以学力较差,主要是因为其父亲的学历较低、随父母流动误学较多、家庭条件差、自学时间不足、现有高中升学和高考制度对外地学生的负面影响等。要改变目前的教育机会不均等,必须进一步改革相关政策和制度,真正实现城乡一体化发展。

The paper's purpose is to clarify the distribution,the gap and forming mechanism of children's examination score,using the micro—data of the primary and middle school student questionnaire conducted in Shanghai in 2012.The mail findings are as follow.Although the examination score of Shanghai local students is clearly higher than those inflowing from other areas,hukou itself is not what produced the gap of examination score.The reason that the examination score of floating children is relatively low is mainly because of their father's low education,time loss to occur in their floating,little time to study at home due to being poor,and negative influence of high school and university entrance examination system on them.In order to reduce the inequality of education opportunity,further reform to policies related is indispensable to realize rural-urban integration.