我国高等师范学生资助制度完善对策研究

A Research on How to Improve the Financial Aid System for Students Majoring in Teacher Education in China

中小学教师是特殊的专门职业,这表现在虽然入职前的人力资本投资较高,但是入职后的经济回报却相对较低。因此,为了保障中小学教师队伍的供求平衡,就需要政府对中小学教师进行特殊的经济补助。这种补助以中小学教师工资补贴和高等师范专业特殊资助两种基本形式出现。这样,师范专业特殊资助本质上是该职业人力资本投资回报低的政府补偿的一部分。世界各国在两种资助形式的使用上有所不同,我国当前采取师范专业特殊资助的单一形式。国际经验表明,助学贷款还款豁免与奖助学金可转贷款制度是实行师范专业特殊资助的最佳选择。有鉴于此,我国现行的助学金性质的免费师范生制度今后需要改进。建议是,先把现行的免费师范生制度改善为免费师范生助学金可转助学贷款制度,其次是逐步建立师范生助学贷款还款豁免制度,第三是尽快建立师范生资助专项基金制度,第四是在条件许可时,建立完善的中小学教师工资补贴制度。

Teaching in primary and middle schools is a special kind of profession, because its investment for human capital is higher, but its personal economical return is lower. In order to secure the balance of demand and supply for school teachers, it is necessary for government to give some type of financial aids. The public aids appear as two forms ： Wage subsidies to school teachers and financial aids to students majoring in teacher education. So, the financial aid to teacher education students naturally is a governmental grant for its lower return~ Many developed counties in the world are using various combinations of the two forms, but there is only one form in China, that is, financial aids to students majoring in teacher education. It is concluded that the student loan with repayment forgiving and grants convertible to student loan are effective policies for teacher education aids. So it is needed to improve the current system in China.