印尼语与汉语语音对比及印尼学生习得汉语语音难点分析

The Phonological Differences between Bahasa and Mandarin and The Difficulties for Indonesia Students to Learn Mandarin Pronunciation

印尼语与汉语在语音系统上存在很多差别。如汉语辅音有送气和不送气的对立,印尼语则以浊音和清音为区别特征;汉语有卷舌音zh、ch、sh、r及舌面音j、q、x,印尼语没有。元音方面,汉语有十个元音,印尼语只有六个。汉语有一个很特殊的音即撮口呼ü音,还有卷舌音er。汉语每个音节都有声调,印尼语没有声调。印尼学生习得汉语语音的难点包括:辨别送气音与不送气音,分辨翘舌音和平舌音,习得舌面音(j、q、x)及撮口呼音,分辨汉语的四个声调等。基于上述难点,文章探讨了有针对性的教学建议。

There are many differences between Bahasa Indonesia and Mandarin Chinese in the phonology systems. The consonants in Mandarin has 2 opposites： consonant unaspirated voiceless and aspirated voiceless, while Bahasa has voice sound and voiceless sound as the opposite; Mandarin has retroflex consonants ＂zh、ch、sh、r＂ and front tongue consonants ＂j、q、x＂, whereas Bahasa doesn＇t have similar pro- nunciation. From the vocal perspective, Mandarin has 10 vowels, Bahasa has 6. Mandarin has one special vowel that is ＂ǖ＂ with pronunciation like ＂u＂ but the mouth have to be rounded, comparing with Bahasa which doesn＇ t have ; Mandarin also has retroflex finals ＂er＂ ; From intonation view, every single word （syllable） in Mandarin has tone, whereas Bahasa doesn＇ t have tone differences, only has fast and fiat intonation. On the basis of the above differences, we can find out several difficulties in learning the Mandarin pronunciation. Firstly, the difficulty in pronouncing aspirated voiceless, the difficulty in pronouncing the sound of post - alveolar affricate （ zh, ch, sh, r） , also the difficulty in pronouncing the sounds from front tongue （j, q,x）. Secondly the difficulty in vocal pronunciation of ＂ǖ＂ and also its writing rule; Thirdly the difficulty in acquiring the Chinese tone. Looking at the above difficulties, this thesis gives some suggestions for Chinese learning and teaching.