我国公司环境法律责任制度的绿化:一个预防的视角

Greening China's Corporate Environmental Liability Institutions: A Perspective of Prevention

公司的环境法律责任包括民事责任、行政责任和刑事责任。当前,我国公司法律责任的设置存在根本性缺陷,即预防理念的缺失,主要表现在市场准入阶段公司设立的环境条件缺失、环境保护法律相关准入规定的缺陷、环境风险内控预防机制的空白、行政处罚手段的滞后性以及重大环境污染犯罪尚未"危险化"等。以预防理念全面"绿化"公司的环境法律责任,需要从如下方面加以努力:完善环境准入立法、建立以环境风险应对为中心的内部控制制度及责任体系、行政处罚方式的科学化、重大环境污染事故罪的"前置"及环境监管失职罪的修订。

The environmental liability includes civil liability,administrative liability and criminal liability.The layout of the present legal responsibility of the company is fundamentally flawed,namely,the absence of the concept of prevention,mainly the lack of environmental conditions in the company market access,short of environmental protection laws related to the access provisions,the absence of internal control mechanism of environmental risk prevention,the lagging administrative penalties means,and serious environmental pollution crime not being considered ＂dangerous＂ and so on.Comprehensively ＂greening＂ corporate environmental liability with precautionary principle,we need to focus on improving the following aspects： first,the legislation on environmental access shall be improved;second,coping with the environmental risk,the control system and responsibility system shall be established;third,administrative punishment shall be carried out scientifically;and fourth,the crime of serious environmental pollution shall be prepositioned and the amendment of the environmental regulatory misconduct shall be followed up.