民生风险理论与食品安全的刑法规制

Risk Theory on the People's Livelihood and the Criminal Regulations Related to Food Safety

民生风险是指包括生产、生活在内的社会活动对民生可能造成危害的风险,规制民生风险的刑法就叫做民生刑法。食品安全问题是民生风险的一项重要内容,包括食品生产制造(包括储存、运输等所有"食品入口"之前的环节)时难以避免的"工艺风险"、对食材配料定位不断变化的"认识风险"及生产和配料中的"人为错误"。其中"人为错误"是行为人能够或应该认识到并加以控制的对食品安全的侵害。而工艺风险和认识风险因难于预测、不易避免,其刑法适用尚待进一步探究,而不能简单地引入"风险"观念,通过加大打击力度、增设新罪来解决。民生风险和民生刑法的概念就避免了"风险"理论对刑法基本底线的违背,较好地把握了理论节度,成为规制食品安全较为合适的刑法指导性理念。

Risk in the people＇s livelihood refers to the potential risks in social activities such as production and daily life,and the related criminal law is the criminal law of the people＇s livelihood.As an important issue in risk in the people＇s livelihood,food safety risk includes the ＂technique risk＂ in manufacturing,＂cognitive risk＂ in the ever-changing conception of ingredients,and ＂human error＂ in production and ingredient.Among these risks,＂human error＂ is the actor＇s encroach on food safety yet this kind of behavior can be acknowledged and controlled.The other two kinds of risks mentioned above are unpredictable and inevitable,therefore the relative criminal law needs further study,and the risk theory cannot be simply applied in such cases.These problems may solved by cracking down on crime severely and adding new accusations.The conception of risk in the people＇s livelihood and the criminal law of the people＇s livelihood will help to prevent risk theory＇s violating the bottom line of criminal law.Applying the theory properly shall be a guide of making criminal law on food safety.