论中国死刑案件中的精神病抗辩

On the Insanity Defense of Death Penalty in China

随着权利话语的流行与国家对被告人权益保护的增强,中国死刑案件中的被告方在庭审阶段频频提出精神病抗辩,意图减轻罪责或不负刑事责任。然而,实践中却显示出如下悖论:被告方虽时时提出抗辩,但法庭却不愿启动精神病鉴定程序。这一现象的原因在于:当前被告方提出精神病抗辩的证明责任分配不明;被判无罪精神病人的监管难题与强制治疗措施缺乏;精神病鉴定一再反复导致法官无以判案等等。因此,在我国近年越来越重视死刑案件审判程序的背景下,有必要重构被告人精神病抗辩的合理制度,使其在维护被告人正当权益的前提下也不至于无章可循、变得过度泛滥。

With the popularity of right discourse and protection of the right enjoyed by the defendants,it is common that the defendant in the death penalty case puts in a plea of insanity in order to excuse or extenuate his crime.However,there is a paradox in the judicatory practice： the insanity defenses are put up by the defendants,but the courts are inclined to refuse the application of judicial appraisal of psychosis.A number of factors contribute to this,such as no penal law stating who is liable for the legal standard of insanity.Therefore,the reform of the insanity defense of death penalty is necessary.