有关渔业发展战略的思考

Review on the Development Strategy of Fishery in China

我国开展渔业科技发展战略研究已有10余年,本文通过从九个方面系统回顾我国渔业的发展历程,探讨我国渔业的发展方向和战略及其问题:我国水产品供求稳定,产业链经济效益有待提高;按市场需求和经济特征,建立"分类指导"的生产体系;严格控制和减少渔船数量,提高渔船质量,实现现代化;远洋渔业格局未发生重大变化,仍是发达国家掌控和必争领域,发展中国家难以建立自己的远洋渔业船队;鼓励进口自然资源,限制自然资源出口;以生态系统概念和生态核算为引领,提倡节能原则;用"工程化"理念,改造和提升水产业;保护鲨鱼,限制和消除鲨鱼鱼翅消费;积极发展游钓渔业,建立游钓许可证制度。本文的粗略讨论,目的是为未来渔业发展方向和战略起到抛砖引玉的作用。

The study on fishery science and technology development strategy was carried out more than a decade ago and great achievements have been obtained in China during this period. It is worthy to review the proposal recommended 10 years ago by comparing them to the real situation, to make some comments or new suggestions for the fishery development of our country. In this paper, the review is mainly made from 9 aspects and experiences were summarized, and the way to develop and strategy for fishery in our country were discussed. Firstly, in China the demand and supply of aquatic food is approaching equilibrium but more effective economic benefits are still needed to be on higher priority; secondly, the production system could be managed under reference of four catalogs of fish, which are classified according to the market demand, economic characteristics and the government responsibility; thirdly, the amount and total engine power of fishing vessels should be regulated strictly and reduced. The quality of fishing vessels should be upgraded for modernization; fourthly, onthe world marine fishery, including distant water fishery and high seas fishery, there has been no major changes in the pattern since 1980s, it is still the field that developed countries control, it is not easy for developing countries to build their own deep sea fishing fleets; fifthly, natural resources should be encouraged to import rather than export; sixthly, according to ecosystem approach and ecological accounting, lower-energy consuming principle is advocated; Seventhly, to upgrade aquaculture with quality control and precision farming is a main engineering concept and should be fully supported by engineering technical methods; eighthly, it＇ s urgent to make a country plan to protect sharks, limit and eliminate the consumption of shark fins; ninthly, licensing system for sport fishing should be established, which is a key for the recreational fisheries due to conservation of the wild fish. The nine comments are only discussed in brief in this paper, hoping to provide hints or reference for the policy makers and Chinese fishery development in the future.