传统戏剧的行当承续——中国电视体育主播的角色重组境况

The Character Continuation of the Chinese Operas:The Restructuring Circumstance of Chinese Television Sports Anchor Role

中国从1900年代始逐渐进入电视时代。电视传媒取代了各种纸质媒介的主导地位,成为中华戏曲在当下的替代物,并延续了自从元朝以来中国民间以戏曲塑造国民性的惯性。电视体育传播吸引了大批原先迷恋中国武戏的观众群。戏曲在演剧学的领域日渐式微,其角色体制则开始向以电视为主导的各种新型媒介转移。体育主播界已然初步显示出生、旦、净、丑联套组合的格局。其中生角类体育主播成为主体,这种角色分工暗合戏曲中老生主导戏曲的基本格局,生角也一直是电视体育主播界的稳定性元素。体育主播丑角化的角色类型只能延续体制内体育主播的职业生命,而不可能完成其由生角向丑角的整体转型。《体育评书》标志着体育主播丑角类型的相对成熟。电视体育主播和传统戏曲在角色原型方面实现了完全的对接,戏曲以更为隐秘的形式得以存活。电视体育主播领域中的角色重组展示出国民承续国家仪式的基本程式。

Since 1900s China have gradually entered into the age of television. TV media has dom-inated all kinds of paper medias and replaced the Chinese operas which originated in Yuan dynasty for the national character shaping. TV sports programs have attracted large audiences who had watched Chinese operas for hundreds of years. The opera systems have changed over to TV as the character in spite of fading in the performance field. Sports anchors have inherited the character system of the operas about the character of old and young man and woman, clown, fighting man. Among them female old anchors have become leading roles and fitted the opera pattern and the character of old men also always been the stable elements in the TV sports anchors field. The clowns of sports anchor can only continue their professional life but can＇t complete the transformation from the character of men to the clowns. The sports storytelling marks the success in sports anchor as a clown types. TV sports anchors and traditional operas have been completely realized docking in the system of the prototype and the operas continued their life. The reconstruction of TV sports anchor character in the TV field has shown the procedure of the national ceremony.