从身体规训到生存美学:福柯身体观的转变及对体育实践的启示

From Physical Discipline to Existence Aesthetics:Foucault's Concept of Body and the Implication on Sport

采用文献资料法,梳理法国哲学家、社会学家福柯的身体观,发现他对身体的着墨甚多,且前后观点相去甚远,从早期的身体规训到后期的生存美学,福柯的观点为体育实践提供了重要的启示。作为社会制度的一部分的体育,以身体展现作为最终的表现形式,必然能从中指出深刻的权力与规训痕迹。现代体育通过身体的规训,能被看成一部最具有意义的机器,整个身体的训练过程,包括营养学、伤害预防、改善及复原全部必须遵守规训过程的限制。然而,在追求真理的过程中,必须回归自我。通过强调生存美学,强调自身的道德培育与实践,或许能够促使运动员、体育人重新思索自我与投身体育的价值与意义。

Literature about the French philosopher and sociologist Michel Foucault＇s concept of body was reviewed; it is found that his work on the body has been changing a lot, from physical discipline earlier to lately existence aesthetics. His views provided an important inspiration for sport practice. Sport, as part of the social system, is the ultimate form of expression, inevitable shows the traces of profound power and discipline of the body. Modern sports through the discipline of the body can be regarded as a most meaningful machine. The whole body of the training process, including nutrition, injury prevention, improvement and recovery must comply with all the limitations of the disciplinary process. However, in the pursuit of truth, we must return to the self by emphasizing the aesthetics of existence, emphasizing the self moral cultivation and practice, may it is able to encourage the athletes, sportsman to rethink the value and significance of self and participation in sport.