陇海铁路郑汴段两侧土壤有机质分布及其影响因素

Distribution of Soil Organic Matters along the Longhai Railway from Zhengzhou to Kaifeng and Its Influence Factors

为了深入分析铁路交通对沿线土壤有机质的影响,选取运营历史达1个世纪的陇海铁路郑汴段杏花营和圃田2个研究点的土壤断面,通过取样、室内分析,测定了各土壤样品有机质含量。结果表明:铁路两侧土壤有机质含量相近,自路基一定距离范围内(0～20m或0～30m)含量下降,但铁路南侧有机质含量沿断面变化更广泛;铁路南侧距离路基20～50m有机质含量出现明显峰值,但相应距离范围内铁路北侧无明显积累峰值;铁路交通影响主要在铁路两侧距离路基300m范围内;在纵向分布上,自表层向下有机质含量迅速降低并趋于稳定。总之,铁路两侧土壤有机质含量主要受铁路客运所排放的有机废弃物影响,此外还受农田耕作、施用化肥农药等其他因素影响。

The Xinghuaying section and Putian section in the Longhai railway from Zhengzhou to Kaifeng were selected to analyze the influences Of railway traffic on soil organic matters. The resuits showed that the similar contents of soil organic matter on the two sides of railway were observed,and the concentration of soil organic matter significantly decreased with the increase of distance from the railway （0-20 or 0-30 meters）. In contrast,there were greater changes in the organic matter content of the southern railway than that of the northern railway. There existed one obvious peak of soil organic matter in the southern soil of the railway between 20 meters and 50 meters. However,no obvious accumulation peak of soil organic matter content in the same dis- tances was found in the northern soil of the railway. The influence of railway traffic on the distribution of soil organic matter was mainly limited within the distance of 300 meters. The profile distribution of soil organic matter presented a characteristic that its content decreased sharply from the topsoil to bottom soils. In the whole, soil organic matter content along the railway was affected chiefly by organic wastes discharged by passengers, and farming.