对当下学院派批评“学理主义”倾向的思考

Reflection on the Trend of Academic Dogmatism in Current Academic Criticism

针对当前文学批评界对学院派批评的质疑与争议,首先要厘清学院批评中"学理化"与"学理主义"二者的关系,不能因为学院派倾向在学理化道路上的"主义"偏颇,而全面否认学院派与学理化的合法性和必然性。不论是从文学史自身的演进还是文艺批评的发展选择来看,批评的学理化都是合法与合理的。我们要澄清的是"学理化"与"学理主义"的差异,不要将学理性"教条化""主义化"。其次,不能草率人为划定与划清批评的派系风格,要充分看到批评派系之间千丝万缕的血脉关联性。倡导通过激发批评主体性、强调批评对创作的实践性、理性思辨,坚持批评话语权威的存在与批评正义的监守,来有效遏止学院批评学理教条化、主义化倾向,进一步激发学院批评的生命力。

In view of the controversy and doubt casted toward academic criticism by literal critics, this paper points out that we should first clarify the relationship between ＂Academics＂ and ＂Academical＂. We shall not deny the legality and necessity of academic school and academics due to its partiality in its assertion. Criticism academics is legal and reasonable in terms of literature evolution and literature criticism. We should clarify the differences between ＂Academics＂ and ＂Academical＂ instead of dogmatism for the two schools. Secondly, we should not draw the artificial differences between schools about their features. On the contrary, we should pay due attention to the close correlation between the criticism schools. Finally the paper highlights the rationality of creation audited by criticism, which is generated by the avocation of criticism, and also focuses on the persistence of critical utterance and the auditing of criticism, to prevent the dogmatism of academics, and to exert the vitality of academic criticism.