十月革命前后列宁的社会主义主张与实践

Lenin’s Socialist Views and Practice Before and after the October Revolution

1917年十月革命后列宁在俄国进行的社会主义实践显示,作为落后国家的共产党人,他相信可以人为地创造先进的生产关系,进而改造提升落后的生产力,以实现社会主义。基于这一认识,列宁不可避免地过分强调了革命和暴力的作用,并且对阶级斗争和无产阶级专政学说作了进一步的发挥。列宁生前虽然没有能够成功地建成"社会主义社会",但是,他对社会主义本质的理解和主张,却影响了以后几乎所有落后国家的共产党人。值得注意的一点是,列宁对社会主义的基本认识,虽然与马克思、恩格斯原先的设想有所不同,却还是在相当程度上依然继承了马克思的某些思想和主张。

After the October Revolution in 1917, Lenin’s socialist practice in Russia showed that for communists of a backward country, he believed, could artificially create advanced relations of production, then transform and elevate backward productivity in order to achieve socialism. Based on this understanding, Lenin inevitably overemphasized the roles of revolution and violence, and further elaborated the class struggle and the doctrine of dictatorship of proletariat. Lenin, during his lifetime, failed to successfully build a ＂socialist society＂, nevertheless, his understanding and ideas on the nature of socialism affected almost all communists in backward countries. It is noteworthy that Lenin’s basic understanding of socialism, although different from original visions of Marx and Engels, to a certain extent, inherited some of Marx’s ideas and propositions.