清末民初中国人留学俄(苏)活动的历史考察

A Historical Survey of Overseas Chinese Students’ Activities in Russia (the Soviet Union) in Late Qing and Early Republic of China

清末民初中国人留学俄国的活动,是百年中国人留学史上最富有特色的篇章之一。自19世纪下半叶起,受其时国际国内形势等因素影响,在清政府的推动下,中国人留俄活动渐次兴起,陆续有中央、地方派遣的各类型官费、自费留学生赴俄国求学深造,而相关留学管理体制也随之建立与完善。这一留学活动不仅首开中国学子赴俄求学之先河,培养出一批精通俄文的外交、外语人才,而且开辟了近代中俄教育交流乃至文化交流的新渠道,并为后续中国人留苏活动奠定了基础。

The activities of overseas Chinese students in Russia in late Qing and early Republic of China were the most distinctive chapter in the one-hundred-year history of Chinese overseas students. Since the second half of the 19 th century, subject to its domestic and international situation and other factors, promoted by the Qing government, there have been more and more overseas Chinese students in Russia. Gradually there were various official-financed and self-financed students dispatched by China’s central and local governments in Russia. Meanwhile, the related management system for overseas students were also established and perfected correspondingly. The overseas activities not only pioneered Chinese students’ overseas studies in Russia, cultivating a number of talents in diplomacy and foreign languages, but also opened up new channels for modern educational and even cultural exchanges between China and Russia, laying a foundation for the follow-up Chinese’ overseas activities in the Soviet Union.