近20年山东省典型农田土壤中重金属含量变化特征及积累速率估计

Changes and Estimation of Accumulation Rates of Heavy Metals in Farmland Soils in Shandong in Recent 20 Years

以山东省基本农田为研究对象，于2009年采集60个0-20cm耕层土壤样本，分析了土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd有效态含量和全量，并与1989年调查资料比较，研究近20年山东省土壤重金属全量和有效态含量变化特征。结果表明：山东省农田土壤Zn、Cu、Pb全量均有样点超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准（GBl5618-1995），其中有28．78％的样点Cu超标，5．26％的样点Zn超标，8．00％的样点Pb超标，所有调查样点均未发现Cd超标。近20年，山东省农田土壤中Pb全量变化幅度最大，与1989年相比，褐土区增加了5．81倍；Cd全量在棕壤中变化幅度最小，仅增加了1．33倍。Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd全量在3种土壤中变化幅度为：褐土〉潮土〉棕壤。与1989年相比，山东省农田土壤有效态Cu含量增加1．22-1．70倍，Zn增加了11．50-16．60倍。山东省土壤重金属积累速率，褐土≈潮土〉棕壤。Cu、Zn、Pb的积累速率和年变化速率明显高于20世纪七八十年代太湖地区水稻土，Cd的积累速率和年变化率远远低于太湖地区水稻土。

Taking the basic farmland of Shandong Province as the study target, heavy metal contents in 1989 and 2009 of the soils were measured and compared. The results indicated that the contents of total Cu, Zn and Pb in 28.78%, 5.26% and 8.00% of the samples were respectively higher than the 2nd standards of the Soil Environmental Quality Standards （GB 15618 1995）. The content of total Pb changed most which were increased by 5.81 times in cinnamon soil while total Cd changed least which only increased by 1.33 times in brown soil. The change ranges of total Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd were in an order of cinnamon soil〉fluvo-aquic soil〉brown soil. The contents of available Cu and Zn were increased by 1.22-1.70 times and 11.50-16.60 times respectively. The accumulation rates of heavy metals were in an order of cinnamon soil≈fluvo-aquic soil〉brown soil. The accumulation rates and annual change rates of Cu, Zn and Pb were higher than those of paddy soil in Tai Lake region but that of Cd inversely.