广东省主要媒介害虫抗药性现状、对策研究及其应用

Studies on Insecticide Resistant Status and Countermeasure of Vectors of Public Health Importance and its Application in Guangdong Province

目的 :研究广东省主要媒介害虫的抗药性现状及其防制对策。方法 :生物测定法、酯酶滤纸法、PCR技术及药激法。结果 :经系统监测 ,广东省各监测点主要媒介对常用杀虫剂大部分都产生抗性 ,个别品系株已产生高度抗性。采用酯酶滤纸法快速检测家蝇抗药性及应用PCR技术监测家蝇抗药性的研究 ,发现家蝇个体α -Na酯酶活性频率分布 (EF50 值 )与家蝇对DDVP、巴沙的敏感性 (LD50 )呈一定的相关关系。DDVP、巴沙对家蝇酯酶活性的抑制率随着家蝇对其抗性的增大而下降 ;或随着抗性增大 ,抑制浓度需增大。家蝇抗菊酯类特异性基因CYP6D1的扩增阳性率与抗性指数呈正相关关系 (r=0 .834 4 )。研究菊酯类对抗性蜚蠊的驱赶 (Flushing -out)效果及防制效果 ,发现菊酯类杀虫剂对其抗性蜚蠊的驱赶效果明显减弱或失效 ;当蜚蠊对溴氰菊酯的抗性指数大于 10时 ,使用溴氰菊酯胶悬剂按 30～ 4 0mg .ai/m2 滞留喷洒 ,实际防制已失效。结论 :针对我省主要媒介害虫抗性现状 ,引入国际先进的抗药性防制策略 ,结合本省实际情况 ,采取环境治理为主的综合措施、发展新的监测方法、合理使用药物、开发应用新的杀虫剂、新剂型及新处理方法等 ,并将监测和研究成果推广应用到疫情应急杀虫、除四害达标。

It was reported that the multiresistance appeared in several important vectors, some strains of vectors had developed high level resistance to some insecticides. The individual esterase activity filter paper test method and the PCR technical was used for monitoring resistance of Musca domestica . The results showed there were positive relativity between esterase activity and resistance ratio to DDVP or fenobcarb. The inhibitory frequency of DDVP or fenobcarb to esterase activity in the susceptible population was evidently higher than that of the DDVP or fenobcarb resistant strains. There was positive relativity between the amplificative frequency of specific resistant alleles gene in individual Musca domestica and resistance ratio to deltamethrin. There was a complete loss of flushing-out action for permethrin to resistant strain of cockroach, which had a high level resistance (RR>10 at LT 50 ). Control failure occurred in the restaurant with residual spread by deltamethrin SC at the doses of 30-40mg a.i/m 2 for cockroaches which had a high level resistance (RR>10 at LT 50 ). According to the resistant status in Guangdong province, measures to counteracting resistance were integrated management mainly with environmental management, development of resistant monitor method, development of new pesticides, new formulation, and new treatment method, and rational application of insecticides.The scientific research achievement was application of emergency disease vector control, development of health cities.