在协商与民主之间:对协商民主概念的思辨

Between Consultation and Democracy: Introspection for the Concept of Consultative Democracy

学术界对协商民主产生争论和分歧的一个主要原因是对"协商民主"概念的理解不一致。协商民主理论试图调和协商与民主两个内在矛盾的理念,事实上,在"协商"与"民主"之间,存在着至少四种不同的政治形态:一是既不协商,也不民主;二是协商,而不民主;三是民主,而不协商;四是既协商,又民主。协商民主理念的最大价值在于它是一种规范性的价值理想,它为审视和批判现实民主运行的缺陷提供一个可靠的价值基点。

The main reason of dispute within consultative democracy for academic field was different understanding for the concept of consultative democracy. Theory of consultative democracy tried to reconcile the contradiction between consultation and democracy. Indeed, there were four polities between them： firstly, neither consultation nor democracy; secondly, consultation but not democracy; thirdly, democracy but not consultation, fourthly, not only consultation but also democracy. The significant value of ideas of consultative democracy was that it was a normative value ideal, and it would prove a reliable value point to observe the democratic running, criticize its fault.