超声检查术在临床气道管理中的应用进展

Advance on application of ultrasonography in clinical airway management

背景超声检查术用于气道成像具有几方面的优势：安全、快捷、携带方便、重复性强和应用广泛，并可提供实时动态图像。已经在临床气道管理的许多方面进行了研究。目的介绍超声检查术在气道管理方面的应用及其前景。内容重点综述超声检查术在临床气道管理方面的应用，包括手术患者困难喉镜显露的预测，影响气道管理技术选择的病理情况评价，餐后状况评价，确定气管导管、支气管导管或气管切开套管的合适直径，气管和环甲膜定位，气道神经阻滞，气管导管位置的确认，经皮扩张气管切开术，鼻胃管位置的确认，气胸的诊断和成功拔管的预测等。趋向超声检查术是一项可改善气道管理的有用技术，极具临床价值。

Background Uhrasonography is safe, quick, repeatable, portable, widely available tool, and gives real-time dynamic images. It has been extensively studied in many conditions of airway management. Objective This review is to introduce the application of uhrasonography in the clinical airway management and its future. Content This review focus on clinical use of ultrasonography in the various aspects of airway management, including prediction of difficult laryngoscopy, evaluation of airway management techniques and prandial status, prediction of the appropriate diameter of endotracheal-, endobmnchial-, or tracheostomy tubes, localization of the trachea and cricothyroid membrane, airway nerve blocks, confirmation of endotracheal tube placement, percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy, confirmation of gastric tube placement and prediction of successful extubation. Trend Uhrasonography is a useful technique that can facilitate the airway management.