酸性钙体的研究进展

Research advance on acidocalcisomes

酸性钙体是近年发现的一种富含磷酸盐的致密颗粒性的酸性细胞器，主要以焦磷酸盐（pyrophosphate，PPi）、多磷酸（polyphosphate，polyP）为代表，另外还含有钙和其他阳离子。其膜上含有多种泵（钙泵、ATP酶质子泵、焦磷酸酶质子泵）、转运体（钠离子／氢离子、钙离子／氢离子）及通道（通道蛋白），基质中含有与Pn和DolyP代谢有关的酶。酸性钙体已在包括细菌、寄生虫、人类细胞等多种生物中被发现，其主要功能包括：（1）是阳离子和磷酸盐的储存场所，（2）参与焦磷酸盐和多聚磷酸盐代谢机制，（3）维持细胞内钙和DH的稳态，（4）参与渗透压的调节等。该文对近年来有关酸性钙体的研究进展进行综述和讨论．

Acidoealcisomes are electron-dense acidic organelles containing a high concentration of phosphorus presenting as pyrophosphate （PPi）, polyphosphate （polyP）, also containing calcium and other cation. The membrane contains a variety of pumps （Ca^2＋-ATPase, V-H^＋-ATPase and V-H^＋-PPase）, transporters （Na^＋/H^＋ exchangers, and Ca^2＋/H^＋ exchangers）and channel （a water channel or aquaporin）. There are some enzymes related to PPi and polyP metabolism in the matrix. Acidocalcisomes have been observed in bacteria, parasites and human cells. Their main features include： （1）cation and phosphate storage, （2）participating in pyrophosphate and polyphosphate metabolic mechanism,（3 ）maintaining intracellular calcium and pH steady,（4）participating in osmotic regulation, etc.. This article provides a timely review and a further discussion on the research development of acidocalcisomes.