常驻高海拔高原陆军军人心理素质特点

Mental quality of army residents in high-altitude plateau

目的调研常驻高海拔高原陆军军人心理素质特点。方法采用自编一般资料调查表、军人心理素质量表(mental quality questionnaire for armymen,MQQA),对驻防海拔3 100 m以上、时间大于6个月的2 589名高原陆军军人进行测试。结果①常驻高海拔陆军军人MQQA总分及各维度分均显著低于军人常模(P<0.01)。心理素质优秀的军人19名(0.74%),心理素质良好的军人187名(7.22%),心理素质中等的军人1 412名(54.54%),心理素质较次的军人682名(26.34%),心理素质较差的军人289名(11.16%)。②常驻高海拔陆军军人心理素质在性别上,男、女军人除忠诚维度外,其余无显著差异(P>0.05);级别上,呈现出军官>士官>士兵的趋势(P<0.05,P<0.01);文化程度上,表现为大专和本科以上>高中>初中(P<0.01),而大专、本科以上差异不显著(P>0.05);年龄上,15～25岁组MQQA总分及聪慧、忠诚、自信分显著低于>25～35岁组、>35～45岁组(P<0.01),>25～35岁组与>35～45岁组差异不显著(P>0.05);随着军龄的增加,所有因子呈现出"升高→下降→升高"的波动变化趋势,除耐挫因子外,均在3年军龄上出现了1个明显的转折点;驻高原年限上,驻守≤1年的军人除耐挫因子外,其余因子分均显著低于驻守3年以上军人(P<0.01),其余两组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论常驻高海拔高原陆军军人心理素质水平较低,表现出性别、级别、年龄、军龄、驻高原年限、文化程度等差异。

Objective To investigate of the features of mental quality in army residents in high- altitude plateau. Methods A self-made general information questionnaire and Mental Quality Questionnaire for Armymen （MQQA） were used to test 2 589 army residents living in high-altitude plateau （stationed more than 3 100 m, with a duration longer than 6 months）. Students＇ t test and one-way ANOVA analysis were used to make statistical analysis with SPSS statistical software. Results （~ MQQA score and dimension scores were significantly lower in army residents in high-altitude plateau than the soldiers norm （P 〈 0.01 ）. There were 19 （0. 74% ） military personnel having excellent psychological quality, 187 （7.22%） having good psychological quality sodiers, 1 412 having moderate mental quality （54. 54% ）, 682 having inferior mental quality （26. 34% ）, and 289 having poor mental quality （11.16%）. （~） There was no significant difference between the male and female soldiers in mental quality except their loyalty dimension （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Mental quality was decreased in the rank from officers to sergeants to soldiers （ P 〈 0.05, P 〈 O. O1 ） , and in educational levels from having college degree to senior middle school to junior middle school （ P 〈 O. O1 ） , though no significant difference in those having bachelor or college degree （P 〉 0.05 ）. MQQA total score, and intelligent, loyal, and self-confidence scores were significantly lower in the 15- to 25-year-old group than the 〉25- to 35-, and 〉 35-to 45-year-old groups （ P 〈 0.01 ）, though no significant differences in the later groups （ P 〉 0.05 ）. With the time longer for military service, all factors showed a trend of ＂rise-fall-rise＂. There was a significant turning point in the every 3 years of military service, except the frustration factor. Beside frustration factor, soldiers stationing less than 1 year in high-altitude plateau had significantly lower scores than those residing longer than 3 （P 〈 0.01 ） , but no in other factors （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Gonclusion Mental quality of army residents in highaltitude plateau is poor, showing differences in gender, grade, age, military service, in residing times, and educational level.