鸡粪开发生产微生物肥料的探讨

The discuss of chicken dung used to produce microbial fertilizer

探讨鸡粪作为微生物肥料载体的可行性。以干燥或发酵处理的鸡粪为载体经辐照处理后,分别接种固氮菌、解磷巨大芽孢杆菌、硅酸盐细菌和枯草芽孢杆菌制作微生物肥料。以煤渣为载体设对照组,通过测定有效活菌数和杂菌率,优化鸡粪处理的最佳方法;从保存时间、温度、光照、pH值几个因素探讨微生物肥料的稳定性。结果表明,经堆肥腐熟并辐照处理的鸡粪作载体效果最佳,固氮菌肥和硅酸盐细菌肥料的保质期在6个月,磷菌肥和枯草杆菌肥的保质期在9个月;阳光直射处保存3个月的菌肥有效活菌数低,杂菌率高,而室内暗处保存的活菌数高,杂菌率低;菌肥的保存温度超过30℃时,有效活菌数急剧下降,杂菌率上升;将菌肥的pH值调至7时,有利于提高有效活菌数。可见鸡粪可用作微生物肥料的载体,保存在避光阴凉干燥处可有效提高菌肥的有效活菌数,从而延长产品的保存期。

The feasibility of chicken dung as microbial fertilizer carrier was explored in this study. After the irradiation treatment, the dried or fermented chicken dung was used as carrier. Then, Bacillus azotofixans, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus subtilis were severally inoculated on the carrier to produce microbial fertilizer. By comparing with the coal cinder support, the treatment condition of chicken dung was optimized by determining the number of living bacteria and the rate of mixed bacteria. The effects of preservation time, temperature, irradiation and pH value on the stability of the microbial fertilizer were discussed. After composting and irradiating treatment, the chicken dung support exhibited the better performance. The preservation time of Bacillu~ azotofixans and Bacillus mucilaginosus microbial fertilizer was 6 months, while the preservation time of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis microbial fertilizers could reach 9 months. It was found that the number of living bacteria was small and the rate of mixed bacteria was high when these microbial fertilizers were under solar irradiation for 3 months. In contrast, the number of living bacteria was large and the rate of mixed bacteria was low when these microbial fertilizers were stored in the dark. In addition,if the microbial fertilizers were kept over 30℃, the number of living bacteria sharply decreased and the rate of mixed bacteria remarkably increased. Adjusting the pH of microbial fertilizersto 7 was helpful to increase the number of living bacteria. Chicken dung can act as a support of microbial fertilizer. Keeping the microbial fertilizer in the dark and dry air can increase the number of living bacteria and thus prolong the preservative time.