不同林分类型土壤水分物理性质及其海拔效应——以浙江省凤阳山为例

Physical Characteristics of Soil Moisture and Their Altitude Effects for Different Forest Stand Types in Fengyang Mountains of Zhejiang Province

以浙江省凤阳山常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林为例,通过野外调查和室内测定土壤容重、土壤孔隙度及土壤含水量等,研究了中亚热带主要林分类型的土壤水分物理性质及其海拔影响。结果表明,在0—60cm土层中,随着深度的增加土壤容重逐渐增大,土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、最大持水量、毛管持水量、最小持水量逐渐减小。在海拔300～1 355m高程范围随着海拔升高土壤容重平均值逐渐减小,土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、最大持水量、毛管持水量、最小持水量、土壤贮水量平均值均增大;土壤排水能力平均值为:海拔900m>海拔600m>海拔1 355m>海拔300m。同一海拔4种林分类型土壤容重平均值:人工杉木林>针阔混交林>人工柳杉林>常绿阔叶混交林;土壤总孔隙度、土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量、最小持水量、土壤贮水量平均值均表现为人工柳杉林优于其他3种林分类型;土壤排水能力平均值表现为:常绿阔叶混交林>人工杉木林>人工柳杉林>针阔混交林。综合分析,同一海拔常绿阔叶林水源涵养及保持水土能力要高于人工柳杉林。

By taking evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests in the Fengyang Mountains of Zhe- jiang Province for an instance, the physical characteristics of soil moisture and its effects for the main differ- ent forest stand types in the mid subtropical zone are studied through field survey and laboratory measure- ments for soil bulk density, soil porosity and soil moisture content. Between 0 and 60 cm soil layer, soil bulk density rises gradually and total soil pore space, capillary porosity, maximum holding capacity, capillary water capacity and minimum water holding capacity decrease gradually, as soil depth increases. Between 300 and 1 355 m altitude rank, the averaged value of soil bulk density decreases gradually and the averaged values of total soil pore space, capillary porosity, maximum holding capacity, capillary water capacity, the average water holding capacity and soil water capacity increase, respectively, as the altitude increase. The averaged values of soil drainage ability for the four forest stand types rank in the order of 900 m altitude 〉 600 m alti- tude 〉 1 355 m altitude 〉300 m altitude. The averaged values of soil bulk density for the four forest stand types at the same altitude rank in the order of Chinese fir plantation 〉 coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest Cryptomeria fortunei plantation 〉 evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest. Cryptomeria fortunei planta- tion is superior to the other three forest stand types in the averaged values of the total soil pore space, themaximum soil water holding capacity, capillary water capacity, the minimum water holding capacity and water capacity. The averaged values of soil drainage ability rank in the order of evergreen broad-Reaved mixed forest 〉 Chinese fir plantation 〉 Cryptomeria fortunei plantation 〉 coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest. In summary, the water conservation and soil water conservation abilities of evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest are higher than those of Cryptomeria fortunei plantation at the same altitude.