缙云山水源涵养林保育土壤的功能

Soil Conservation Function of Water Conservation Forests in Jinyun Mountains

以重庆市缙云山3种典型水源涵养林为研究对象,分别对其土壤的物理、化学和养分特性进行测定和分析。结果表明:(1)土壤容重均较高,其中竹林群落土壤容重相对较高;土壤总孔隙度均比较低,孔隙性一般;土壤质地中砂粒含量比粉粒和黏粒高;土壤均呈强酸性,说明该地区土壤酸化比较严重。(2)土壤有机质含量均比较低,在土壤有机质积累方面,针阔混交林相对较好,而竹林群落相对较差;在土壤养分含量中,全氮含量一般,全磷和全钾含量较低;土壤速效养分均比较低。(3)针阔混交林的保育土壤功能最好,竹林最差;针阔混交林水源林的土壤生态功能最好,常绿阔叶型水源林次之,竹林总体相对较差。

Three typical water conservation forests in Jinyun Mountains were taken as research objects. Soil physical and chemical properties and soil nutrient characteristics were measured and analyzed. Results show that： （1） The soil densities of the three forests were all great and the soil bulk density for bamboo forest was greater than those for other two forests. The total soil porosity for the three forests was relatively low and the porous of soil was in moderate level. For the soil texture, the sand content was higher than silt and clay contents. Soils in the forests were in strong acidity, which means that the soil acidification in the area is severe. （2） The soil organic matter content was relatively low and the accumulation of soil organic matter was better in mixed needle broadleaf forest and poorer in bamboo forest. For the soil nutrients, the content of total nitrogen was moderate, the contents of total phosphorus and total potassium were lower, and the soil available nutrients were relatively low. （3） Soil conservation function of mixed needle-broadleaf forest was the best and the bamboo forest, the worst. Soil ecological function was the best for mixed needle broadleaf forest, followed by mixed broadleaf forests, and the worst for bamboo forest.