新疆典型绿洲阜康地区土地利用/覆被及景观格局变化分析

Changes of Land Use/Cover and Landscape Pattern in Typical Oasis of Fukang Area in Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region

利用1977,1990和2006年的3期遥感影像,将GIS及景观生态学的分析方法相结合,对新疆阜康地区1977—2006年土地利用/覆被和景观格局变化进行了分析。结果表明:(1)研究区土地利用/覆被变化显著,耕地和建设用地持续增加,林地、草地、水域、盐碱和未利用土地逐步减少,且有明显加快的趋势;耕地增加主要来源于草地和盐碱地,建设用地主要来源于耕地、草地及未利用土地。(2)在类型水平上,耕地、建设用地和未利用土地连通性增强,优势度增加;林地、水域和盐碱地斑块趋于均匀而分离,破碎度增加,连通性降低;草地形状趋于规则,破碎度增加,但连通性变化不大;沙地几乎没有变化。在景观水平上,景观整体异质性增强,表现出多样化和均匀化的发展趋势。(3)驱动力分析表明,气温对水域,降水对草地影响较大,但人为因素是主要驱动因素,其中人口增加是直接动力,政策环境的改善及产业结构的调整加快了土地利用的变化速度。

Using remote sensing data collected in the years of 1977, 1999 and 2007, and integrating GIS with analyti- cal methods of landscape ecology, research on changes of land use/cover and landscape pattern of Fukang area in Xin- jiang Wei Autonomous Region from 1977 to 2006 was conducted. The results indicate that： （1） Significant changes in land use/cover have taken place in Fukang area from 1977 to 2006. Farmland and construction land increased con- tinually, while the area of forestland, grassland, water land, and salinized land decreased accordingly, and still the rate was accelerating. Increase in farmland was mainly from grass land and salinized land, while increase in construction land was mainly from farmland, grass land and unused land. （2） At the class level, spatial connectedness and landscape dominance of farmland, construction land and unused land increased gradually. Patches of forest, water land and salinized land became more separated, broken and evenly distributed than before and their spatial connectedness decreased. Patches of grassland tended to be more regular and frag- mented, but its spatial connectedness hardly changed. Patches of sandlot hardly changed. At the landscape level, the heterogeneity of the whole landscape increased in general, and the landscape was evolving in the di- rection of diversity and evenness. （3） The analysis of driving forces show that： though temperature and pre- cipitation has comparatively large impact upon water land and grassland respectively, anthropogenic factors were the main driving forces, among which, increase in population was the direct driving force, and improves on policies and industrial structure accelerated the rate of changes of the land use.