苏北农村地区16383名儿童微量元素检测结果分析

Analysis of results of microelement detections in 16383 children from northern Jiangsu Province

目的了解江苏省徐州、宿迁和淮安农村地区儿童指血中铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)5种微(宏)量元素水平,为指导儿童营养以及合理补充微量元素提供依据。方法采集儿童指端末梢血,用含1%HNO3的0.5%曲拉通X-100(TrionX-100)1∶200稀释后,再使用AA-6300C原子吸收分光光度计在常规条件下测定锌、铜、铁、钙、镁5种元素含量。结果江苏省北方地区儿童锌、铜、铁、钙和镁五种元素总体缺乏率为39.08%。不同性别儿童微量元素含量Fe、Ca和Mg3种元素差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。儿童微量元素含量在不同地区、不同年龄段差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中儿童Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca和Mg含量随着年龄的增长呈上升趋势。男孩Zn和Fe缺乏率均高于女孩,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。除Cu外,其他元素不同年龄组儿童缺乏率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中学龄前期儿童在Zn、Fe、Ca和Mg含量上缺乏较为严重。不同地区的微量元素的缺乏率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),宿迁地区Zn缺乏率较高,淮安地区Ca缺乏率较高,徐州地区缺Fe较为严重。结论江苏省苏北地区儿童微量元素总体缺乏情况不是十分严重,但易缺乏铁和锌。幼儿及学龄前期为生长发育最快时期,易缺乏锌、铁、钙元素。各地区有关部门应该根据本地的实际情况,加大宣传及防治力度,注意各种营养的合理搭配及微量元素的补充,使之营养平衡,将有利于儿童的健康成长。

Objective To understand the in vivo levels of Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca and Mg of children in the rural areas of northern Jiangsu Province （Xuzhou, Suqian and Huaian cities）, so as to give the evidence for providing the guidance of clinical nutrition treatment and reasonable trace element supplement for children. Methods The peripheral blood samples were collected from children＇ s fingers, and diluted with 0. 5 % of the containing 1% HNO3 Triton x-100 in 1：200, and then AA-6300 C atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to detect Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg and Fe. Results The deficiency rate of all the 5 sorts of elements was 39.08 %. The levels of Fe, Ca and Mg had significant difference between boys and girls, but Cu and Zn had no significant differences （ P 〈 0.05）. The deficiency rates of Zn, Ca, Mg and Fe had significant differences among the different age groups （P 〈 0.05 ）. The lack of Zn, Fe, Ca and Mg was serious in pre- school children. There was a significant difference in deficiency rates among the different regions （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The deficiency rate of Zn was higher in Suqian ; the deficiency rate of Ca was higher in Huaian, and the deficiency rate of Fe was higher in Xuzhou. Conclusions The microelement deficiency of children in northern Jiangsu Province is notvery serious, but the children easy have the deficiency of Fe and Zn. The microelements suck as Zn, Fe, and Ca were easy to be lacked in preschoolers. We should strengthen the health education of prevention from microelement deficiency.