北京地区急性呼吸道感染儿童中人鼻病毒感染状况研究

Human Rhinovirus with Different Genotypes in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Beijing

为了解北京地区急性呼吸道感染儿童中人鼻病毒(HRV)-A、B、C型(尤其是HRV-C)的感染状况及分子生物学特征,本研究收集了2011年1月至12月急性呼吸道感染患儿呼吸道标本703例,采用半巢式PCR方法同时进行HRV-A、B、C检测,并对HRV阳性标本进行VP4/VP2衣壳蛋白编码区基因序列测定及进化树分析。结果显示703例标本中共有54例HRV检测阳性,总阳性检出率为7.7%(54/703);HRV感染的儿童中年龄在5岁以下的占94.4%(51/54);HRV检出率在毛细支气管炎患儿中最高(23.1%),其次是哮喘(20.0%)、肺炎(11.0%)、急性支气管炎(4.3%)、急性上呼吸道感染(4.1%)患儿;序列分析表明54例HRV检测阳性标本中25例为HRV-A(46.3%,25/54),8例为HRV-B(14.8%,8/54),21例为HRV-C(38.9%,21/54);HRV同一基因型内各核苷酸序列同源性为70.0%～100.0%,不同基因型间核苷酸序列同源性为55.5%～65.8%。上述结果提示,HRV是引起北京地区儿童急性呼吸道感染(尤其是下呼吸道感染)重要的病毒病原之一;HRV-C阳性检出率与HRV-A相近,较HRV-B高;HRV各个基因型间具有较高变异性。

To understand the infections and molecular biological characteristics of different human rhinovirus （HRV） genotypes -A, B, C, especially C in children with acute respiratory tract infections （ARI） in Beijing. Seven hundreds and three respiratory tract specimens were collected from children with ARI during Jan. 2011 to Dec. 2011. Semi-nested PCR was developed for detecting HRVs. Gene fragment of VP4/VP2 capsid protein amplified from HRV positive specimens was sequenced and analyzed by software DNAStar, the phylogenetic tree was then constructed by MEGA 5.05. Among these 703 specimens tested, 54 （7.7%, 54/703） were HRV positive, including 25 （46.3%, 25/54） positive for HRV-A, 8 （14.8%, 8/54） for HRV-B, 21 （38.9%, 21/54） for HRV-C determined by sequence analysis. Most of these children （94.4%, 51/54） infected with HRVs were younger than 5 years old, and the highest positive rate was shown in group younger than 1 year （11.4%）. These patients positive for HRVs were diagnosed as bronchiolitis （23.1%）, asthma （20.0%）, pneumonia （1.0%）, bronchitis （4.4%） and upper respiratory tract infections （4.1%）. Sequence analysis of VP4/VP2 gene fragment revealed that 70. 0% to 100.0% nucleotide identity was shown among the sequences within the same HRV genotype, and 55.5% to 65.8% nucleotide identity among the sequences from different HRV genotypes. In conclusion, HRVs, especially HRV-C, are important pathogens for children with ARI in Beijing. The prevalence of HRV-C is similar to that of HRV-A, higher than that of HRV-B. High sequence variation among different HRV genotypes was indicated in this study.