明清闽南家族与佛教的社会救济

Southern Fujian Clans and Buddhism Social Relief in Min and Qing Dynasties

晚明以来佛教在社会救济事业远不如唐宋以前,除了政府政策的立意、乡绅势力的积极涉入与新兴民间宗教的相继参与,及频仍的战乱局限了佛教的社会救济能力外,如闽南地区某些寺僧受雇于宗族家庙(寺),担任提供宗教服务的神职人员,代为执掌祭拜家族先人的祭祀工作,流为家族之附庸。而这层雇用与依附的关系,似乎也隐藏着明清时期寺僧难以独立承担社会救济的另一个值得探讨的要素。透过闽南地区的几部家谱资料,就寺僧与家族在社会救济方面的推动与互动关系,进行更具体的观察。

There is far less Buddhism social relief in and after late Min dynasty than that of Tang dynasty and before. Besides government polices, actively involvement of country gentlemen, and the joining of newly emerging folk religion as well as the restriction of Buddhism social relief capacity by the frequent wars, it is that some monks were hired by clan and family temples who provided clerical service and governed worshiping their hirer＇ s clan ancestor, thereby relegated themselves to clan＇ s dependency. Therefore,this kind of relationship between employ and dependency seems to hint about the fact that Buddhism in Min and Qing dynasties can hardly assume on its own social relief, which constitutes a factor worth further studying. Based upon several family trees information, this paper involves a more detailed survey regarding the promoting as well as multi-relationship between monks and clans in social relief activities.