量词“位”的历时考察

A Diachronic Study of the Classifier 'Wei'

古今汉语中能表示尊敬色彩的量词并不多,"位"是宋元时期逐步萌芽发展成熟起来并沿用至今的,能表示尊敬色彩的一个称量人或神的特别名量词。中唐到两宋,名词"位"已出现语义虚化的趋势,似乎已经在朝着量词发展了,我们可以视作准量词或临时量词。只有当语素义"位置"完全脱落时,"位"才取得量词的资格。据现有语料来看,"位"作为量词广泛来用大约不早于明代。近年来,"位"作为量词被修饰中性义或带贬义的名词中心语了,其色彩意义被忽略了,"位"的使用有泛化现象,是语言规范化和语言研究的重要课题。

In ancient and current Chinese, Wei is a special noun classifier capable of c there are not many classifiers with the connotative meaning of respect. lassifying human and god with the connotative meaning of respect which develops gradually from the Song and Yuan Dynasties up to now. From the middle of Tang Dynasty to the Song Dy- nasty, the noun Wei had the tendency of meaning eclipses and developed gradually into a classifier, which can be regarded as a quasi - or temporary classifier. But Wei is not qualified to be a classifier until the morpheme meaning ＇ position＇ disappears completely. According to the current corpus, Wei as a classifier was not widely used before the Ming Dynasty. rogatory meanings. In recent years, Wei has been used to modify the headword in noun phrases with neutral and de- Its connotative meaning has been ignored. The generalization use of Wei is an important re- search subject in language standardization and linguistic studies.