草堂:杜甫的思想憩园与诗艺家园

Caotang: the Agreeable Garden for Thinking and Perfect Homeland for Creating of Dufu

杜甫在成都草堂居住了近5年时间,草堂的安逸使杜甫苦难的心灵有了暂时的栖息之地,草堂成为杜甫思想的憩园,但草堂的闲适并不能改变杜甫漂泊流离的命运,也不可能消弭杜甫的政治热情和情感倾向,闲情雅致、惬意自得的情趣与叹身忧时、顾念乾坤的思想扭结在一起,体现出草堂时期杜甫情感上的矛盾和困惑;另一方面,草堂时期杜甫生活环境的改变和思想情感的沉郁老成,使他有机会审视和反思社会人生及诗歌创作,杜甫的诗歌理论在草堂时期逐渐形成并完善,古体诗创作得到延续、近体诗创作(尤其是五律)走向成熟,杜甫的诗艺步入了一个新的台阶,草堂成为杜甫的诗艺的家园。

Dufu had been living at the Caotang in Chengdu for five years, the peace of the shelter provided a temporary rest place to comfort his bitter and sad heart and an agreeable garden for thinking. Though the leisure life at Caotang failed to change the drifting and separating destiny of Dufu, and it was unable to weaken his political enthusiasm or to change his emotional tendency as well. On one hand, he was lost in a leisurely and carefree life, on the other hand, he always cared for the fate of his nation this kind of emotional entanglements presented his conflict in emotion and puzzles at that time. However, during the period of living at Caotang, the changing environment and perplexing emotion provided an opportunity for Dufu to observe and introspect the life and society based on which many poems were created. It was in this period that his poetry theory had been gradually formed and improved, his ancient poetry creation had been kept on, and his contemporary poetry creation （especially Wulv） had been more mature. The poetic writing and creating skills of Dufu entered into a new stage and Caotang became his perfect homeland for the creation of poetry.