深圳市观澜镇从业人员和幼儿乙型肝炎病毒感染情况调查

An epidemiological study on hepatitis B infection among employees and children in Guanlan,Shenzhen

目的了解深圳市观澜镇从业人员和幼儿乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(HBV)血清学感染情况,为制定预防控制策略提供参考依据。方法用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对深圳观澜2004～2008年共656144名从业人员和2006～2008年共19825名幼儿(1～6岁)体检者做HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)检测,并对结果进行分析。结果 2004～2008年从业人员体检平均HBsAg阳性率为6.85%,其中男性感染率为9.00%,女性感染率为5.27%,男性HBV感染率显著高于女性(P<0.01);饮食、公共服务场所从业人员感染率为5.15%,普通工厂从业人员感染率为6.19%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2006～2008年幼儿体检者平均HBsAg阳性率为0.33%,其中男童感染率为0.38%,女童感染率为0.27%,男女儿童感染率有统计学差异(P<0.05)。幼儿园HBsAg阳性率与从业人员比较,有统计学差异(P<0.01)。从2005年开始,HBV感染率呈逐年下降趋势。结论对从业人员和儿童定期进行健康体检是及时发现HBV感染的有效途径,提高易感人群的疫苗接种率是切断HBV传播和预防HBV感染的有效措施。

Objective To understand the infection rate of hepatitis B virus（HBV） among employees and children m kiuanlan, Shenzhen and to provide information for control and prevention of the disease. Methods The epidemiological data of total 656144 employees from 2006 to 2008 and 19 825 children （from 1 to 6 years old） in Guanlan,Shenzhen was collected. Every study subject＇ s HBV surface antigen （HBsAg） was tested by means of Enzyme linked immunoasorbent assay（ELISA）. Results The average HBV infection rate of employees from 2004 to 2008 was 6. 85 G （ male ： 9.00 % ; female ： 5. 27 % ）. The infection rate between male and female had statistical significant difference（P〈0.01）. The infection rate of food and public service praetioners was 5. 15%, while employees in factories＇ was 6. 19% ,and there was no significance（P〈0.05）. The average HBV infection rate of children from 2006 to 2008 was 0.33G. There was statistical significant difference（P〈0.05） in infection rate between boys（0.38%） and girls（0.27 % ）. In addition, the HBV infection rate between children and employees had significant difference （ P〈 0.01 ）. The incidence of HBV declined with year from 2005. Conclusion Regularly physical exam to employees and children is effective in discovering HBV infection. It is necessary to conduct HBV vaccination in high risk population to stop the spreading and prevent HBV infection.