燕山北部山地4种植物群落结构组成及相似性研究

Study on the structure characteristics and comparability in different plantcommunities in the north region of Yanshan Mountain

燕山北部山地为燕山山地向坝上高原的过渡地带,其森林植被是首都北京的第一道生态屏障。通过野外调查绣线菊灌丛、榛子灌丛、天然杨桦林和人工落叶松林4种植物群落,分析不同群落的植物组成、结构特征和群落相似性,结果表明,从科、属、种的数量综合来看,植物群落丰富度依次为:榛子灌丛>天然杨桦林>人工落叶松林>绣线菊灌丛;天然杨桦林和人工落叶松林的垂直结构最为完整,优势层为乔木层,榛子灌丛群落的灌木层处于优势地位,绣线菊灌丛群落结构最为简单;榛子灌丛、天然杨桦林和人工落叶松林3种群落之间的相似性较高。

The north region of Yanshan Mountain is the transition from Yanshan mountain- ous region to the plateau region, where the forest vegetation is the first ecological barrier for the capital Beijing. Based on the field investigation data, the structure characteristics and species diversities of four kinds of plant communities were studied in the paper, including the spiraea shrub, the hazel shrub, the natural aspen-birch forest and the artificial larch forest. The results showed that the vertical structure of the natural aspen-birch forest and the artifi- cial larch forest were the most complicated, the dominant layer was tree layer, the shrub lay- er in hazel shrub community was the dominant, the community structure of the spiraea shrub was the most simple; the similarity among the hazel shrub, natural aspen-birch forest and artificial larch forest were higher; while the di intermediate between the hazel shrub versities of different layers of artificial and the artificial larch forest, species spiraea shrub communities were the lowest. The tree layer diver forest was the highest, the diversity of herb layer and shrub layer nity was the highest.