学龄前儿童视力发育与日常生活状况关联研究

Study on the association between visual development and daily life conditions in preschool children

目的了解学龄前儿童视力发育与日常生活状况之间的关系,为采取针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对抽取的2 032名来自儿保门诊和托幼机构的6月龄～6周岁儿童进行视力筛查,同时对儿童日常生活状况进行问卷调查。结果接受调查的学龄前儿童屈光异常率为31.1%;单因素分析发现儿童视力发育与每天累计看电视时间,户外活动时间,睡眠时间,家庭采光情况,饮食习惯,体内微量元素含量,家长是否经常教孩子做眼保健操及家长是否注重保护孩子视力等因素有关。多因素分析结果表明,家庭光线强(OR=3.011,95%CI∶1.114～7.827)和家长十分注重保护孩子视力(OR=1.500,95%CI∶1.028～2.190)是儿童视力发育的危险因素,而经常吃鱼(OR=0.687,95%CI∶0.437～0.978),经常喝鲜牛奶(OR=0.593,95%CI∶0.417～0.844)是儿童视力发育的保护因素。结论日常生活状况与学龄前儿童视力发育密切相关,应针对这些因素采取有效的干预措施,保护儿童视力发育。

Objective To explore the effect of daily life conditions on visual development in preschool children and to provide scientific basis for making reasonable pertinent strategy. Methods A total of 2 032 6 month-6 years old children were chosen by cluster sampling from daily outpatient clinics and nursery schools in Maanshan City. Then their re- fractive status were measured by Suresight hand-hold refractomter, meanwhile the information about their daily activity, food habits and patriarchal protect measure were investigated by using self-administrated questionnaire. Results The rate of refractive errors was 31.1% in preschool children. Univariate analysis showed that visual development of preschool chil- dren was in connection with cumulative hours of watching TV, hours of outdoor activities, sleep time, household lighting, food habits, level of trace elements, patriarchal protect measure and so on. Multivariate analysis indicated that strong household lighting （ OR = 3.011, 95% CI = 1. 114-7. 827 ） and Patriarch＇s great attention on children＇ s vision （ OR = 1. 500, 95 % CI = 1. 028-2. 190） were risk factors. Eating more fish （ OR = 0. 687, 95 % CI = 0. 437-0. 978 ） and drinking more milk （ OR = 0. 593, 95% CI = 0. 417-0. 844） were protective factors. Conclusions Daily life conditions are closely related to visual development in preschool children. Pertinent strategies should be taken to protect the children＇ s visions.